![]() Whatever the specifics, we now know that Galileo did not use mathematics to discover the law of falling bodies or, for that matter, most anything else he knew about the physical world he experimented, and then used mathematics to explain what he found.įour years after Galileo's death, a seventeen-year old in the Netherlands, unaware of Galileo's results, discovered the law of falling bodies mathematically, using the technique conjectured by Drake to explain Galileo's discovery. The intervening years have seen the growth of a minor industry of scholars devoted to reproducing Galileo's experiments and arguing over the exact steps involved. In 1973, Drake himself furnished the evidence that refuted all previous arguments, including his own, because in the meantime he had found unpublished manuscripts relating to experiments on fall that Galileo had undertaken. In 1969, Stillman Drake attempted a reconstruction that avoided the medieval connection and, instead, used nothing more than the properties of an arithmetic progression. Until fairly recently, most historians of science believed that Galileo had made the discovery mathematically by reasoning from established medieval mean-speed rules, although his actual thought process was greatly debated. Galileo discovered the law of falling bodies, namely, that the distance fallen from rest is as the square of the time. In fact, although their words were similar, the mathematical universes of Galileo and Bernoulli were worlds apart.Ī famous example reveals the difference. Galileo Galilei seems to have anticipated Bernoulli's attitude in his famous dictum ‘Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe.It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures.’ Ga naar eind 3. The prophet of the revolution is equally recognizable. Unfortunately, this interpretation encounters the awkward problem that the new physics was not originally written in the language of the new mathematics. ![]() The new physics was dynamics the new mathematics that accompanied it was the calculus. In fact, so strongly is the Principia and its subsequent exegesis associated with the new physics that commentators frequently fall into the trap of defining the mathematization of nature in the seventeenth century according to Newton's accomplishments. The supreme example of the new mathematical physics is generally recognized to be Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687). But what did this defining phenomenon of the Scientific Revolution entail? The mathematization of physics was an essential contribution of early modern science. Yet, well into the seventeenth century this union of nature and abstract reasoning was exceedingly rare. it is difficult to imagine a time when explanations of natural phenomena, particularly physical events involving the motion of inanimate objects, did not involve mathematics. Nearly three centuries later, when some people are even claiming that physics has become too dependent upon mathematics and its seductive sense of certainty, Ga naar eind 2. ‘He who undertakes to write Physics without understanding mathematics truly deals with trifles.’ Johann Bernoulli sent this blunt assessment to G.W. ‘Following in the footsteps of geometry’: the mathematical world of Christiaan Huygens
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![]() ![]() It’s great for “normal people” who just need to do a string of math every now and then sort of a combination between a calculator and an easy-to-read spreadsheet. Soulver has some basic trig functions, currency and unit conversion, and logical operators, and you can save your calculations to iCloud or Dropbox or send them as HTML-formatted emails. Timecode by Panoptik is the most attractive Timecode calculator on the market (if we do say so ourselves) GearAdvice AppAdvice. If you have $87 to spend at a sale and prices are 45 percent off, you can easily figure out your buying power by long-pressing the % key to reveal the “% off what is” option. A very useful timecode calculator and converter for all the professionals in the film and video industry. Soulver makes it easy to do some math problems that aren’t always intuitive, thanks to a long-press overflow menu on many of the buttons. Its that easy as demonstrated in our TikTok video below. Overall, Wally is one of the best expense tracker apps for iOS and Android for managing finance with ease. MovieSlate® 8 for iOS (29.99 in the iTunes Store) A timecode generator for iOS devices, that also works as a movie slate/clapperboard. That said, it’s relatively well rated, and it’s cheaper than a dedicated hardware option. But that doesn't mean your iPad doesn't have an official calculator. If you want an Android app that generates timecode then this is your only option. Answers are always updated instantly, without needing to press the enter key-it simply exists to end a line so you can use the result in your next calculation. To delete a digit by swiping in the Calculator app, simply swipe either left or right at the top of display. Apple Calculator There is no iPad version of Apple's Calculator app, so you won't find it on your Home Screen, in your App Library, or as a shortcut in the Control Center. If the first part of your long list of calculations has a 4 you want to change to a 4.025, you can just tap the number way up at the top of your list, change it, and see the whole math chain update in response. Pcalc Lite (iOS: Free, with in-app purchases) (Image credit: TLA Systems) PCalc Lite for iOS has a well-deserved spot on the best calculator apps list as a free, extremely flexible scientific. Then, you can make a change anywhere and see the results update throughout your whole chain of operations. You can use the results of one line to flow in the next line, and see a clear visual representation of that. The basic conceit of Soulver is this: the calculator sits in the bottom third of the screen, with a running log of your operations and results up above. Soulver’s unique presentation makes it easy to perform and edit a string of related calculations. ![]() ![]() The game’s description says it doesn’t support wheels, but it gave me the option of playing with my G27, although I haven’t actually tried yet. It natively detects and supports the xbox 360 controller. What I have no idea, but just be aware that if we get games going tonight you’ll want to be sure to launch the game early to give you time to get that extra 1.6gb - assuming my experience was normal. I downloaded the game yesterday and after I got the key this morning it wanted to download another 1.6gb worth of stuff. You can send a friends request to me (senorbeef0) so I have everyone available to invite. If you already have a game with GFWL, it’ll auto detect your account and you just log in. Otherwise you have to create it which is free and only takes a minute. If you already have a live ID, like an xbox live tag, or a hotmail address, or an MSN messenger id, you can log into that. Don’t sign up for an offline account because you’ll just have to make a new account anyway to play multiplayer with us. This a games for windows live game unfortunately (although at least that makes it a little easier to invite/get together in game) so you’ll need a live ID. Everyone else… roll the dice for two bucks and get the game with us. If you have the game and you haven’t played with other SDMBers yet, join our steam group and in particular add me (same name, senorbeef) to your friends list. Actually the steam page says it doesn’t support wheels which is strange, but forum posts seem to hint otherwise. The controls are simple enough that it plays decently with a keyboard, but you’ll want to have a gamepad or joystick or wheel optimally. ![]() 8 would be enough, but 12 would be awesome. The steam page says the online play is limited to 8 at a time, but some forum posts seem to indicate that you can get it up to 12 somehow. So I figured I’d start a seperate thread where we could coordinate getting bigger games together. It’s pure arcade destruction racer fun.Īnyway, I told all my friends about it and it looks like we got 10-12 SDMBers to get it so far. There’s also a demolition derby mode where everyone runs around a parking lot or an arena and tries to blow everyone else up. You gain turbo boost by wrecking other people’s cars and all sorts of different world objects. It’s an arcade racer with a focus on demolition, sort of like burnout but (IMO) more fun. Fallout: UC is basically an enhanced remake of the same game with better graphics, more destructable objects, and some new game modes. I used to play Flatout 2 online and it was a lot of fun. Flatout: Ultimate Carnage is on steam today for $2 as part of a 24 hour sale (with ~13 hours left). ![]() Īt the time, there were few GPS satellites and the idea of using satellite navigation for real-time weapon guidance was untested and controversial. Several proposals were considered, including a radical concept that used GPS. Research, development, testing and evaluation (RDT&E) of an "adverse weather precision guided munition" began in 1992. Laser guidance packages on bombs proved exceptionally accurate in clear conditions, but amid airborne dust, smoke, fog, or cloud cover, they had difficulty maintaining "lock" on the laser designation. Air Force's bombing campaign during the Persian Gulf War's Operation Desert Storm was less effective than initially reported, in part because it had no precision bombs that were accurate in all types of weather. ![]() Navy sailors attach a JDAM kit aboard the USS Constellation (CV-64), March 2003. As of February 2020, 430,000 kits had been produced. In 2017 it built more than 130 kits per day. įrom 1998 to November 2016, Boeing completed more than 300,000 JDAM guidance kits. Laser seekers are now being fitted to some JDAMs. The JDAM was meant to improve upon laser-guided bomb and imaging infrared technology, which can be hindered by bad ground and weather conditions. The key components of the system consist of a tail section with aerodynamic control surfaces, a (body) strake kit, and a combined inertial guidance system and GPS guidance control unit. The JDAM is not a stand-alone weapon rather it is a "bolt-on" guidance package that converts unguided gravity bombs into precision-guided munitions (PGMs). When installed on a bomb, the JDAM kit is given a GBU (Guided Bomb Unit) identifier, superseding the Mark 80 or BLU (Bomb, Live Unit) nomenclature of the bomb to which it is attached. The JDAM's guidance system was jointly developed by the United States Air Force and United States Navy, hence the "joint" in JDAM. JDAM-equipped bombs range from 500 to 2,000 pounds (230 to 910 kg). JDAM-equipped bombs are guided by an integrated inertial guidance system coupled to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, giving them a published range of up to 15 nautical miles (28 km). The Joint Direct Attack Munition ( JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts unguided bombs, or "dumb bombs", into all-weather precision-guided munitions. Specified 43 feet (13 m) Realized around 23 feet (7 m) Foreign sales have considerably higher prices.) Browse through our collection for all your luggage essentials and find the right pick for you.American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil WarĪmerican-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)Ībout US$25,000 (Depends on acquisition lot. With all these travel accessories, you’ll have more time to plan your trip and enjoy it. It not only makes packing easy and efficient, but unpacking a breeze. Whether you are highly organized or are looking for an easy way to pack things, packing cubes are just the thing you need. ![]() They help keep your phone charged no matter where you go and ensure those selfies keep coming. We also have travel converters and travel power adapters, which come in handy if you are going on a long trip. To make your travel more comfortable, we have eye masks, travel pillows, travel blankets, luggage straps and toothbrush covers too. Check out our collection of travel accessories like dopp kits, toiletry bags, travel wallets, luggage tags, keychains, luggage scales, luggage locks and fanny packs in your favorite color and brands. From passport covers to pill cases, you will find a wide range of travel accessories. Don’t worry about packing anymore Target has your back. No matter how much time you have, you always tend to miss one thing or another. With this comes another long list-the packing list. If you love traveling, then you are sure to have a bucket list of places you want to visit. ![]() Take a few weeks to ease into your full training intensity and volume. Like making any other change in position, it’ll take a bit of time to adjust and train the body accordingly. If you do switch to weightlifting shoes, don’t be surprised if you initially feel weaker or somewhat awkward. ![]() These have nothing to do with mobility, and offer a significant advantage in performance and safety over other shoes, which are like lifting while standing on a pile of marshmallows in an inflatable raft. In my experience, these athletes are typically far overestimating the quality of their positions, but more importantly, this argument fails to take into account the force transfer and stability qualities. Related is the argument that if a lifter is already mobile enough to sit into a good squat position, lifting shoes are unnecessary. And of course, mobility can and should be improved or maintained in ways beyond simply squatting. Mobility demand may be reduced slightly for the hips, but by moving the hips under the shoulders more, we’re reducing the need to hyperextend the back to bring the chest upright, which means a safer spine. The shoes allow the hips to move farther forward for a more upright posture by adding to the ankles’ end range, not reducing dorsiflexion. Bear in mind that the lifted heel is not preventing the ankle from dorsiflexing significantly-it will in fact still be flexing nearly maximally. Whether youre hitting the gym or training at home, PUMA delivers performance training shoes built for any workout. The primary argument against wearing shoes is that they’ll limit mobility. These things mean lifting more weight and less risk of injury. The weightlifting shoes made a difference with ankle flexion, which was expected due to the lifted position of the heel in weightlifting shoes. The relatively wide, square-edged and hard soles create a more stable base. So, how does elevating our heels impact our ability to lift weight The raised heel increases the range of motion around the ankle and allows you to sit deeper into a squat. The thin, hard soles absorb very little force, which means more of the force you produce goes into moving the bar. Weightlifting shoes are a training tool that may allow you to lift heavier loads this is because of the raised heel that all lifting shoes have. The lifted heel effectively increases ankle range of motion, allowing a deeper and more upright squat position. Joint moments experience footwear sex strength training.There are 3 reasons to wear weightlifting shoes: Decisions about footwear should recognise the effect of footwear on movement and reflect an athlete's movement capabilities and training objectives. These results are consistent with the idea that WS permit a more knee flexed, upright posture during squatting, and provide preliminary evidence that experienced squatters are more able to exploit this effect. In addition, the experienced group experienced a significantly greater increase in knee and hip flexion with WS than the novices when unloaded. Shoe (ShoeDota) MaAs a result of Let’s Go disqualification, another team within this issue, them being Black Ice Esports, were fighting for their reinstatement into the tournament, since they previously lost to the former team. ![]() For both load conditions, WS gave significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ankle flexion and increased knee flexion than AS, as well as a more upright trunk and greater knee moment for the unloaded condition. Data were collected utilising a 3D motion capture system synchronised with a force platform and used to calculate kinematic and kinetic descriptors of squatting. Our team has compiled a list of the best weightlifting shoes based on their added stability, visual appeal, comfort, and durability. Most weightlifting shoes come with a lateral stability that running shoes dont offer. Weightlifting shoes are designed to provide the platform the lifter needs to perform different exercises and can assist with stability. Participants completed loaded and unloaded back squats wearing both WS and athletic shoes (AS). At first glance, weightlifting shoes appear to be the better choice. In this study, the effects of footwear and load on the mechanics of squatting were assessed for 32 participants (age: 25.4 ± 4.4 years mass 72.87 ± 11.35 kg) grouped by sex and experience. Best Big Brand Men’s Weightlifting Shoes: Reebok. Best Men’s Weightlifting Shoes For Wide Feet: INOV-8 FASTLIFT POWER G 380. Weightlifting shoes (WS) are often used by athletes to facilitate their squat technique however, the nature of these benefits is not well understood. Best Advanced Men’s Weightlifting Shoes: Nike Romaleos 4 SE. ![]() Traits can be looked up ingame using charinfo or debug_mode hovering over certain traits or here. Stats are: diplomacy martial intrigue stewardship learning Maximum is a 100 without bonuses from traits. Though the character can still die in battle.Īdds any stat to a certain character. Makes th character invulnerable to death by age or desease. Removes a trait from this chosen character. Might cause revolts or counties to leave your realm.Ĭharacter traits and stats Character Modifications Including vassals and possessions beneath. Gives you a title without having war over it. Grants a character a strong claim on a county (c_firenze), duchy (d_toscana) or kingdom (k_italy). Titles (Without character ID claims and titles will be given to your character.) Your wife might get angry with you if it's no concubine. First ID is the mother and second ID is the father. But the she might spill the beens about it later. Can also make two AI-Characters rivals by adding another character ID: " add_rival " Can also befriend AI-Characters with eachother by adding another character ID: " add_friend " It can fail and the character will be framed for it.īefriends you. You can also kill your character with this.Ĭharacter attempts to assassinate another. Puts a character into a specific characters dungeon.Ĭharacter instantly dies of a "natural" death". It may also crash your game.įorces a certain character to your court.īanishs a character from your lands. Do mind that extensive numbers will make the game flip them to negative amounts. Depending on whether you want to increasing or reducing certain values. Note: Amounts can be either positive or negative. ![]() Toggles sending of diplomatic proposals that will be refused.Įnables and disables (toggles) true fathers being shown in the characters family tree. Increases or decreases your manpower for your army. Without an amount it will be 5,000 by default. (No additional parameter)Īdds or reduces your threat level instantly. WARNING: Entering non-existing law will set it to none. No negative character traits like lunatic or inbred. Shows debug information about characters including character ID. ![]() Without corrosponding DLCs the game will end. Use the command play to get back into gameplay. Shows you relevant infos about characters and lands.Īllows you to *observe* the game without playing. Shows you all informations about provinces and characters.īasically like debug_mode. ![]() Either debug_mode or charinfo is necessary to get the exact character or title IDs.Įxplains what a certain command does. Every cheat with Character ID or Province ID defaults to your character or capital province. This is a collection of all common non-event cheats. ![]() In the context of Python 2.x, the use of the word ‘string’ in thisĭocument refers to an object which may either be a regular string Of Python 3.0, it is assumed that all strings are unicode strings,Īnd that the use of the word ‘string’ in the context of thisĭocument will generally refer to a Python 3.0 string, which is Note on string encodings: When discussing this PEP in the context Specification of how formatting errors are handled.Specification of an API for user-defined formatting classes.Specification of a new set of special methods to control the.Specification of a new syntax for format strings.The string module, so that the underlying formatting engine Specification of functions and flag values to be added to.Specification of a new formatting method to be added to the.The specification will consist of the following parts: String into a template is not contemplated in this proposal,Īlthough the proposal does take care to define format stringsĪnd the API in such a way that an efficient template packageĬould reuse the syntax and even some of the underlying ![]() Which are only used once, so, for example, compilation of a This proposal is forĪ mechanism which, like ‘%’, is efficient for small strings String.Template, it is felt that each serves a distinct need,Īnd that one does not obviate the other. While there is some overlap between this proposal and Or only named arguments) is felt to be overly constraining. (meaning that one must choose between only positional arguments, Tuple as the second argument, but as many people have commented The current practice is to use either a dictionary or a Leaving all other variables to be squeezed into the remainingĪrgument. One of those arguments is already dedicated to the format string, The ‘%’ operator is primarily limited by the fact that it is aīinary operator, and therefore can take at most two arguments. String formatting operations (in other words, methods of the The primary scope of this PEP concerns proposals for built-in Python currently provides two methods of string interpolation: Operations, intended as a replacement for the existing ‘%’ string This PEP proposes a new system for built-in string formatting Controlling Formatting on a Per-Type Basis.Toggle light / dark / auto colour theme PEP 3101 – Advanced String Formatting Author : Talin Status : Final Type : Standards Track Created : 1 Python-Version : 3.0 Post-History : 2, 0, 1, 1, 1 ![]() PEP 3101 – Advanced String Formatting | Following system colour scheme Selected dark colour scheme Selected light colour scheme Python Enhancement Proposals ![]() As with any book written by Oliver, PANDEMONIUM is written so beautifully!. I don't really know what to say other than wow!. ' * * 'I have literally just finished reading PANDEMONIUM and I am completely reeling! It's incredible!. ![]() I will absolutely be reading the 3rd instalment and I wish we could have it NOW. Not only that, but she does so willing, actively, and that's something I really admired about her character. In this book you definitely feel Lena becoming tougher, more resilient, not only physically but mentally and emotionally. She did have a level of strength in PANDEMONIUM but it felt partly like a stubborn strength and partly like a forced because of circumstances strength. ![]() I absolutely adored this book and could not put it down! I highly recommend it to all YA fans and readers.' * * 'Lena was a fantastic character again and I enjoyed her growth in this. ![]() I recommend a book like this for people who say YA is poor writing so they can see how wrong they are. This is the sort of book that can be shelved in the young adult or the adult section and has a mature, but not pompous, narrative style. Oliver has a gift for simple, beautiful images and her words are clearly carefully chosen. The emotions are raw, visceral and the opening section of then when she is running in the wilds was utterly heartbreaking. She has a big following with teenagers and women in their 20s and 30s.' * Press Association * 'Pandemonium is an amazing read - even better than Delirium and just as expertly written as Before I Fall creating scenes that fill the senses and left me wanting more.' * .uk * 'Lauren Oliver's writing is tight, full of wonderful metaphors and language and pulled me into Lena's world. The sequel, PANDEMONIUM, is out in March and is a genuine young adult/adult crossover, which is quite rare. Twilight mavens will probably devour it in one sitting.' * The Saturday Age * 'Oliver writes in such a beautiful way, it's hard to put the book down.' * Press Association * 'Beautifully written in Lauren Oliver's inimitable style' * .uk * 'Dystopian is very big for young adults and one of the best authors is Lauren Oliver who wrote DELIRIUM. then pick up Pandemonium ASAP.' * Australian Bookshelf * 'Lauren Oliver's stunningly beautiful prose about a world voided of love and the consequences of lacking such an emotion continues to enthral the readers!' * Amaterasu Reads * 'It's an action-packed adventure filled with close shaves and surprise twists and ends with a cliff-hanger that will have its fans itching for volume three. This is a sequel that wholly lives up to its incredible predecessor and will leave you begging, wailing, banging your firsts in rage for more!' * Eleusinian Mysteries blog * 'Lauren Oliver brings you yet another beautifully written story.' * Forget Me Not blog * 'If you read and enjoyed Delirium. 'Prepare to become completely absorbed.' * Glamour * 'Another intriguing, great instalment to this trilogy! It's beautifully written, there are many complications, a few revelations, and a whole lot of trouble to look forward to in the next book.' * Yolanda Sfetsos blog * 'Pandemonium has a special quality that has to be experienced personally and I whole heartily recommend this book as well as Delirium.' * Gothic Reign blog * 'Oliver has once again blown me away with her poetic writing and stunning ability to weave a tale so full of emotion, every page breathes with life. |